Resistance provided by the matrix is in relation to the molecular size and shape of the molecules moving through it. The greater molecule move slowly and smaller molecule migrate fast. However, there has a problem where the race pitting a large and highly charged molecule against a small, more neutral molecule that will be unfaired. By make sure that the ratio of charge and mass is constant, we need to eliminate the differences between in charge/mass ratio and differences in shape. Thus, by mixing the protein with the ionic detergent sodium deodecyl sulfate (SDS), the proteins become coated with negative charges, unfolding into a rod, a conformation that maximally separates those mutually repellent negative charges.
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